HashCore: Aikin Tabbatar da Aiki (PoW) don Na'urori Masu Sarrafa Bayanai na Gabaɗaya

1. Gabatarwa

Tabbatar da Aiki (PoW) shine tushen tsarin yarjejeniya na manyan kuɗaɗen dijital kamar Bitcoin da Ethereum, yana kiyaye blockchain ta hanyar buƙatar ƙoƙarin lissafi don ƙara sabbin tubalan. Duk da haka, babbar kuɗin da ake samu daga hakar ma'adinai ta haifar da gwagwarmayar kayan aiki na musamman, musamman ma'adanai na musamman (ASICs). Wannan takarda ta gabatar da HashCore, sabon aikin PoW da aka tsara don aiwatar da shi cikin inganci a kan Na'urori Masu Sarrafa Bayanai na Gabaɗaya (GPPs) da suka wanzu, kamar CPU na x86 na gama gari. Babban jigon shine a juya matsalar haɓaka ASIC: maimakon ƙirar kayan aiki don wani aiki na musamman, a ƙira aikin da na'urorin da suka wanzu, kuma ana samun su cikin yawa, suka riga sun inganta.

2. Matsalar Tattara ASIC

Haɓakawa da amfani da ASICs don hakar PoW (misali, SHA-256 na Bitcoin) sun haifar da manyan shinge ga shiga. Ƙirar ASIC tana da tsada, tana ɗaukar lokaci, kuma galibi ƙananan manyan masana'antu ne ke sarrafa ta. Wannan yana haifar da tattara hakar ma'adinai, inda ƙarfin hakar cibiyar sadarwa ya ta'allaka ne tsakanin ƙananan ƙungiyoyi waɗanda za su iya biyan sabbin ASICs. Wannan tattarawar ya saba wa ka'idar rarraba fasahar blockchain kuma yana haifar da haɗarin tsaro (misali, yuwuwar harin 51%). HashCore yana nufin rage wannan ta hanyar sanya mafi inganciyar "na'urar hakar ma'adinai" ta zama CPU na kwamfuta na yau da kullun.

3. HashCore: Babban Manufa & Ƙira

An gina HashCore a matsayin aikin PoW wanda ya ƙunshi "widgets" da aka ƙirƙira ta hanyar bazuwar a lokacin aiki. Kowane widget yana aiwatar da jerin umarnin GPP da aka tsara don matsa albarkatun lissafi na na'urar sarrafawa.

3.1. Binciken Juzu'i

Babban ƙirƙira shine binciken juzu'i. Maimakon auna aikin kayan aiki akan aikin da aka ƙayyade, HashCore yana ƙirƙira aikinsa bisa ga ma'auni waɗanda aka tsara GPPs da inganta su don gudana cikin inganci. Babban misali shine tsarin ma'auni na SPEC CPU 2017 don na'urori masu sarrafa x86. Masu ƙira guntu suna ƙirƙirar ASICs don waɗannan ma'auni. Ta hanyar yin kwafin halayensu, HashCore yana tabbatar da cewa GPP shine mafi kyawun ASIC don PoW dinsa.

3.2. Tsarin Tushen Widget

Aikin ba hash guda ɗaya, mai tsayayye ba ne, amma haɗin kai na widgets. Kowane widget yana wakiltar ƙaramin aikin lissafi mai zaman kansa wanda ke kwaikwayon aikin GPP na ainihi (misali, ayyukan lambobi, lissafin maki masu iyo, tsarin samun bayanai na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya). Jerin da sigogin waɗannan widgets ana ƙayyade su bisa ga bazuwar bisa ga shigar da kan tubalan, yana hana ƙididdige aiki da farko kuma yana tabbatar da cewa aikin ya kasance na gabaɗaya.

4. Binciken Fasaha & Tabbacin Tsaro

4.1. Tabbacin Juriya ga Karon Guda

Takardar ta ba da tabbaci na yau da kullun cewa HashCore yana da juriya ga karon guda ba tare da la'akari da aiwatar da widget ba. Hujjar ta dogara ne akan gina aikin hash gabaɗaya daga widgets. Idan tushen farkon abubuwa da hanyar haɗa sakamakon widget (misali, ta amfani da tsarin Merkle-Damgård ko tsarin soso) suna da inganci a cikin sirri, to nemo shigarwa daban-daban guda biyu waɗanda ke samar da sakamako ɗaya na ƙarshe na HashCore ya kasance ba zai yiwu ba ta hanyar lissafi.

4.2. Tsarin Lissafi

Ana iya fassara PoW a matsayin neman lamba $n$ kamar haka: $$\text{HashCore}(\text{BlockHeader}, n) < \text{Target}$$ Inda $\text{HashCore}(M)$ don saƙo $M$ ana ƙididdige shi kamar haka: $$H_{\text{final}} = C(W_1(M), W_2(M), ..., W_k(M))$$ A nan, $W_i$ su ne widgets da aka zaɓa bisa ga bazuwar, kuma $C$ aikin haɗawa ne mai juriya ga karon guda (misali, hash na yau da kullun kamar SHA-3). Bazuwar don zaɓe da ƙayyade sigogi na $W_i$ an samo su daga $M$, yana tabbatar da keɓantaccen aikin a kowane yunƙurin hash.

5. Ayyukan Da Ake Tsammani & Sakamako

Duk da yake PDF ɗin bai ƙunshi takamaiman jadawalin ayyuka ba, ana bayyana sakamakon da ake tsammani ta hanyar halayya:

Daidaituwar Aiki: Babban CPU na mai amfani (misali, Intel Core i9, AMD Ryzen 9) ya kamata ya cimma ƙimar hash kwatankwacin ASIC na hasashe da aka gina don HashCore, tun da CPU ya riga ya zama dandamali da aka inganta don ayyuka masu kama da ma'auni.
Rashin Ingancin ASIC: ASIC na al'ada da aka tsara don HashCore zai fuskanci raguwar dawowa. Sarƙaƙiya da bambancin aikin da ke da tushen widget suna sa ƙirar ASIC mai aiki ƙayyadadden ta zama mai tsada sosai kuma kawai ɗan sauri kaɗan fiye da GPP, yana lalata fa'idar tattalin arzikinsa.
Halayen Da aka Daure Ƙwaƙwalwar Ajiya: An tsara widgets don matsa ba kawai ALU ba har ma da tsarin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, dabarar da wasu algorithms masu juriya ga ASIC kamar Ethash suke amfani da ita. Wannan yana ƙara farashi da sarƙaƙiyar kowane yuwuwar ASIC.

Manufar Zane: Jadawali na ka'idar zai nuna rabo "Ƙimar Hash / Farashi", tare da HashCore akan GPP yana da rabo mafi girma sosai fiye da PoW na al'ada (SHA-256) akan GPP, kuma kusan daidai da HashCore akan ASIC na ka'idar.

6. Tsarin Bincike & Nazarin Lamari

Tsarin Don Kimanta Juriya ga ASIC na PoW:

Bambancin Aiki: Shin algorithm ɗin yana canzawa akan lokaci ko kowane lissafi? (HashCore: High - widgets na bazuwar).
Amfani da Kayan Aiki: Shin yana amfani da sassa daban-daban na GPP (ALU, FPU, ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, mai sarrafa ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya)? (HashCore: High).
Ƙarfin Ƙwaƙwalwar Ajiya: Shin aiki yana iyakance ta hanyar bandwidth/latency na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya maimakon lissafi kawai? (HashCore: An tsara shi don zama).
Ingantaccen Da Ya Wanzu: Shin aikin yana kama da ma'auni masu mahimmanci na kasuwanci? (HashCore: High - SPEC CPU).

Nazarin Lamari - Bambanci da Ethash na Ethereum: Ethash ma yana da juriya ga ASIC amma yana amfani da hanya mai ƙarfin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, tushen DAG. Duk da yake yana da tasiri, aikinsa na musamman ne ga hakar ma'adinai. "Binciken juzu'i" na HashCore shine mafi ƙarfin hujjar tattalin arziki: yana haɗa biliyoyin daloli na R&D da Intel da AMD suka kashe don inganta CPUs don ma'auni na gabaɗaya. ASIC don HashCore yana fafatawa da duk masana'antar semiconductor don inganta wani tsari mai kama da matsala.

7. Ayyuka na Gaba & Ci Gaba

Sabbin Kuɗaɗen Dijital: HashCore shine babban ɗan takara don tsarin yarjejeniya na sabbin blockchains waɗanda ke ba da fifiko ga rarraba da hakar ma'adinai na daidaito.
Tsarin Haɗin PoW/PoS: Za a iya amfani da shi a cikin tsarin canji ko haɗin kai, kamar motsi na Ethereum zuwa Tabbatar da Hatsari (PoS), inda PoW ke kiyaye cibiyar sadarwa da farko kafin cikakken canji.
Kasuwanni na Lissafi na Rarraba: "Aikin da ke da amfani" da widgets suka yi, a ka'ida, za a iya karkata shi zuwa lissafin ainihi na duniya waɗanda ake iya tabbatar da su (misali, nadawa na furotin, simintin yanayi), yana matsawa zuwa "Tabbacin Aiki Mai Amfani." Wannan yana fuskantar manyan ƙalubale a cikin tabbaci da adalci amma ya kasance hangen nesa na dogon lokaci.
Daidaituwa zuwa Sauran Tsare-tsare: Ana iya faɗaɗa ƙa'idar ta hanyar ƙirƙirar bambance-bambancen HashCore waɗanda aka yi su bisa ga ma'auni don ARM (mobi/uka), RISC-V, ko ma'auni na lissafi na GPU (kamar Luxor don hakar GPU).

8. Babban Fahimta & Ra'ayi na Mai Bincike

Babban Fahimta: HashCore ba wani algorithm ne kawai mai juriya ga ASIC ba; yaudara ce ta tattalin arziki. Yana gane cewa "ASIC" na ƙarshe don kowane aiki shine kayan aikin da kasuwa ta riga ta kashe mafi yawan jari don inganta shi. Ta hanyar daidaita PoW tare da manufofin ayyuka na masana'antar CPU na gabaɗaya ta biliyan-biliyan, yana sa tattarawa ya zama mara ban sha'awa ta tattalin arziki. Wannan fahimta ce mai zurfi fiye da ƙara buƙatun ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya kawai, kamar yadda aka gani a cikin Ethash ko dangin CryptoNight.

Kwararar Ma'ana: Hujjar tana da kyau: 1) ASICs suna tattara hakar ma'adinai. 2) ASICs suna da inganci saboda an inganta su don aiki ɗaya. 3) Masu yin CPU/GPU suna inganta guntunsu don ma'auni na yau da kullun (SPEC, da sauransu) don cin nasarar kaso na kasuwa. 4) Don haka, ƙira PoW wanda ke kwaikwayon waɗannan ma'auni. 5) Yanzu, mafi kyawun "ASIC na hakar ma'adinai" shine CPU da kuka riga kuka mallaka, kuma Intel/AMD su ne masu haɓaka ASIC ɗinku ba tare da sani ba. Tsalle-tsalle na ma'ana daga ingantaccen fasaha zuwa yanayin kasuwa shine inda HashCore ke haskakawa.

Ƙarfi & Kurakurai:
Ƙarfi: Babban jigon tattalin arziki yana da ƙarfi. Amfani da ingantattun masu haɗawa na sirri ($C$) don widgets yana ba da hanya bayyananne don tabbatar da tushen tsaro. Yana magance tushen tushen tattarawa kai tsaye—rashin daidaituwar tattalin arziki a cikin samun kayan aiki.
Kurakurai & Haɗari: Shaidan yana cikin cikakkun bayanan widget. Ƙirƙirar widgets waɗanda da gaske suke da bambancin, ba za a iya tsammani ba, kuma suna matsa duk tsarin CPU masu dacewa daidai gwargwado ƙalubale ne na injiniyanci mai girma. Tsarin da ba shi da kyau zai iya samun son zuciya wanda za a iya amfani da shi ta hanyar wayo, da'ira ta musamman. Bugu da ƙari, hanyar ba ta hana babban tura gonaki na CPU na yau da kullun ba, wanda har yanzu zai iya haifar da tattarawa ta wani nau'i na daban (hakar ma'adinai na gajimare/ cibiyar bayanai). Sukar amfani da makamashi na PoW ya kasance ba a magance shi ba.

Fahimta Mai Aiki:
1. Ga Masu Haɓaka Blockchain: HashCore yana gabatar da ingantaccen tsari don sabbin kuɗaɗen dijital masu adalci. Ƙimarsa ya fi girma a cikin ayyukan inda rarraba al'umma da rarraba hakar ma'adinai suka fi mahimmanci.
2. Ga Masu Zuba Jari: Ku kasance masu shakka game da duk wani da'awar "juriya ga ASIC". Ku bincika tsarin. Dalilin ma'auni na HashCore ya fi dorewa fiye da algorithms waɗanda suka dogara kawai akan girman ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya. Nemo ayyukan da ke amfani da irin waɗannan ƙirar PoW masu tushe na tattalin arziki.
3. Ga Masu Bincike: Manufar "binciken juzu'i" ƙasa ce mai albarka. Shin za a iya amfani da shi don ƙirƙirar PoW don na'urorin hannu ta amfani da tsarin ma'auni na ML? Shin za a iya sanya sakamakon widget ya zama da amfani da gaske, yana haɗa gibin zuwa "Tabbacin Aiki Mai Amfani" kamar yadda aka bincika a cikin ayyuka kamar Primecoin ko bincike game da "Aiki Mai Amfani"?
4. Hanyar Muhimmanci: Nasarar HashCore ta dogara gaba ɗaya akan cikakken aiwatarwa, buɗaɗɗen tushe da kuma cikakken bita na ƙungiyar masana kan ɗakunan ajiyar widget dinsa. Idan ba haka ba, ya kasance ka'idar mai ban sha'awa. Ya kamata al'umma su matsa don gwajin jama'a da cikakken bayani don matsa da'awarsa.

A ƙarshe, HashCore yana sake tsara matsalar rarraba PoW daga gwagwarmayar makamai na kayan aiki zuwa wasa na daidaita tattalin arziki. Dabara ce mai wayo, ko da ba a tabbatar da ita ba. Gwajinsa na ƙarshe ba zai kasance a cikin hujjar ilimi ba, amma a cikin ko zai iya ci gaba da rarraba masu hakar ma'adinai a cikin daji, a kan abubuwan ƙarfafa tattalin arziki na ainihi. Kamar yadda gazawar yawancin kuɗaɗen dijital "masu juriya ga ASIC" ya nuna, wannan shine kawai ma'auni mai mahimmanci.

9. Nassoshi

Georghiades, Y., Flolid, S., & Vishwanath, S. (Shekara). HashCore: Ayyukan Tabbatar da Aiki (PoW) don Na'urori Masu Sarrafa Bayanai na Gabaɗaya. [Sunan Taro/Mujalla].

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